THE WARRIOR NOBLES

In the Middle Ages there was a very high class, the latter formed by a privileged group of warriors and religious, prominent members of the Church. The warrior nobility lived in castles and their main occupations were the war and the battle between knights tournaments. Its revenue came from taxes that were paid their servants for the enjoyment of their land. The knights were of a class a little lower than the military and religious landowners, and you could get to it, thanks to some merit in war or combat.
The priests, abbots and bishops belonged to the same social group warrior nobility, and were responsible for the direction of one of the most important institutions of the Middle Ages, the Church.
The importance of the Church, had consolidated long ago, when the Roman Empire had donated large tracts of land in different parts of Europe. This power made the lives of bishops and abbots warp. away from the basic principles of Catholicism: poverty, obedience and chastity. Led a life of riches, vassals who surrendered tributes and taxes and serfs who worked the land.
To justify this comfortable lifestyle, theologians who strove to maintain harmonious society should be be three social class, interdependintes: the warring, those praying and working. Other important functions of the church, was that many monasteries and churches were dedicated to translate, interpret and archive all the books of the time., Which made him transform into true centers of culture. The language used was Latin, considered cultured and universal language. Also there were the priests.

The peasants were the lowest class of this era, and were engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture. These activities have been developing for several centuries ago, when the decline of the Roman Empire began. Each family worked as a production unit and produced what needed to live. Eventually they must also produce to keep the warrior and religious nobility. The peasants also joined forming villages, located in the middle of vast expanses of fields. They were very poor, formed by mud and straw houses.
In these communities there were other people doing other activity were craftsmen, they worked wood, metal, clay, leather, etc. His works were used in agricultural production and in daily life. The peasant proprietors were not actually true duels were those of the aforementioned nobility.

 

The pillars of islam

 

Islam has five primary obligations, or pillars of faith, that each Muslim must fulfill in his or her lifetime. They are as follows :                                                                           

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   Shahadah, profession of faith, is the first pillar of Islam. Muslims bear witness to the oneness of God by reciting the creed "There is no God but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God." 

  

  Salah, prayer, is the second pillar. The Islamic faith is based on the belief that individuals have a direct relationship with God. The world's Muslims turn individually and collectively to Makkah, Islam's holiest city, to offer five daily prayers at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and evening. In addition, Friday congregational service is also required. Although salah can he performed alone, it is meritorious to perform it with another or with a group. It is permissible to pray at home, at work, or even outdoors; however it is recommended that Muslims perform salah in a mosque.

 

    

   Zakat, almsgiving, is the third pillar. Social responsibility is considered part of one's service to God; the obligatory act of zakat enshrines this duty. Zakat prescribes payment of fixed proportions of a Muslim's possessions for the welfare of the entire community and in particular for its neediest members. It is equal to 2.5 percent of an individual's total net worth, excluding obligations and family expenses.

    

    Sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, is the fourth pillar of Islam. Ordained in the Holy Qur'an, the fast is an act of deep personal worship in which Muslims seek a richer perception of God. Fasting is also an exercise in self-control whereby one's sensitivity is heightened to the sufferings of the poor. Ramadan, the month during which the Holy Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, begins with the sighting of the new moon, after which abstention from eating, drinking and other sensual pleasures is obligatory from dawn to sunset. Ramadan is also a joyful month. Muslims break their fast at sunset with a special meal, iftar, perform additional nocturnal worship, tarawih, after evening prayer; and throng the streets in moods that are festive and communal.

   

   Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah, is the fifth pillar and the most significant manifestation of Islamic faith and unity in the world. For those Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey to Makkah, the Hajj is a once in a lifetime duty that is the peak of their religious life. The Hajj is a remarkable spiritual gathering of over two million Muslims from all over the world to the holy city. In performing the Hajj, a pilgrim follows the order of ritual that the Prophet Muhammad performed during his last pilgrimage.

      

     

                                                                                                               

Muhammad

Muhammad was a man from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. Believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a messenger and prophet of God, Muhammad is almost universally considered by Muslims as the last prophet sent by God to mankind. While non-Muslims regard Muhammad as the founder of Islam, Muslims consider him to have restored the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.

Born in about 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at an early age; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib. After his childhood Muhammad primarily worked as a merchant. Occasionally he would retreat to a cave in the mountains for several nights of seclusion and prayer; later, at age 40, he reported at this spot, that he was visited by Gabiel and received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One".